Gallium Arsenide Transparent Conducting Oxides Perovskite Materials Gallium and Germanium Germanium Tellurium Automotive Technology Thermoelectric Materials Two-Dimensional Materials Alloys Rare Earth Applications Copper Applications Silicon Wafers Defects in Materials
Laser-etched absorbers paired with advanced cooling deliver a proof-of-concept STEG that powers LEDs at 15× output, revealing critical targets for scale-up.