Government Debt Interest Rates Budgeting Fiscal Policy State Debt Sovereign Debt Public Debt Bond Issuance Credit Ratings Taxation International Debt Municipal Debt Budget Deficits Autonomous Communities International Loans Bond Markets Deficit Reduction Debt Forgiveness Debt Ceiling Economic Indicators Regional Debt Fiscal Responsibility Infrastructure Funding Debt-to-GDP Ratio External Debt National Debt Infrastructure Investment Federal Debt Circular Debt Fiscal Deficit Economic Growth Government Spending Provincial Debt Refinancing Economic Forecasting Debt Instruments EU Member States Debt Relief Inflation Control Deficit Spending Municipal Funding Investment Strategies Infrastructure Financing Interest Payments Argentina Economic Policy Debt Brake Reform Local Government Debt Regional Financing Sustainability Treasury Operations Borrowing Loans Healthcare Debt Corporate Debt Debt Brake Debt Refinancing Funding Strategies Treasury Auctions Claims and Settlements Default Risk Puerto Rico Debt Crisis Treasury Obligations Utility Bills Foreign Investment Economic Impact Foreign Reserves Financial Health Corruption Cases Taxpayer Bailouts Deficit Fiscal Debt Burden Credit Rating Revenue Growth Deficits Debt Cancellation Surplus and Deficit State Development Loans State Borrowing Federal Public Debt Eurobond Debt Treasury Actions Eurobonds School District Debt Social Debt Eurozone Foreign Loans EU Debt Policy Military Organizations Debt-Service Costs Tax Increases Credit Lines IMF Relations Credit Cards Economic Strategy Fiscal Recovery Market Securities International Financial Institutions Foreign Aid State Budget
The Fund urges governments to build fiscal buffers by shifting spending toward education, infrastructure, R&D, with a focus on growth‑friendly uses.
