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Planetary Geology

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Caltech Study Finds Mars’s Southern Mantle About 200–400°C Hotter Than the North

That interior heat implies partial mantle melt and challenges explanations for Mars’s early geology and magnetic record.

Mars's Southern Mantle Is Hundreds of Degrees Hotter Than the North, Study Finds

Mars Shergottite NWA 13441 Dated to 1.27 Billion Years, Filling Long Gap in Record

High-Resolution 3D Models Suggest Venus's Rift Valleys Are Recently Active

Seismic Study Finds Thick Ultramafic Layer Under Mars and Vast Deep Magma Plumbing

Scientists Find First Garnet in Martian Meteorite

Lunar Meteorite Reveals a 3.486‑Billion‑Year‑Old, Extremely High‑Temperature Impact

Lunar Meteorite Preserves Evidence of a 3.5-Billion-Year-Old Giant Moon Impact

Sahara Meteorite Points to Moon‑Size Lost Protoplanet

Study Finds Shallow North-to-South Impact Shaped the Moon’s Largest Basin

Lab Experiments Recreate Mercury Magma to Show Sulfur Lowers Crystallization Temperatures

Oxford Study Finds Moon’s Magnetic Field Was Mostly Weak Through Its History

New Global Map Reveals Young Lunar Fault Ridges, Expanding Moonquake Risk Zones

Young Mars Volcanoes Show Long-Lived, Evolving Magma Systems

New Experiments Suggest Earth’s Core Holds Nine to 45 Oceans’ Worth of Hydrogen

First Subsurface Lava Tube Detected on Venus in Reprocessed Magellan Radar

Apollo Soil Study Finds Meteorites Supplied Only a Small Share of Earth’s Water

NASA Study of Apollo Moon Soil Finds Meteorites Supplied Only a Small Share of Earth’s Water

High-Resolution Mars Mapping Points to Arctic-Sized Ocean 3 Billion Years Ago

Far-Side Moon Samples Link South Pole–Aitken Impact to Lunar Asymmetry