The ruble or rouble (Russian: рубль rublʹ; symbol: ₽; abbreviation: руб or р. in Cyrillic, Rub in Latin; ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopecks (sometimes written as copeck or kopek; Russian: копе́йка kopeyka, plural: копе́йки kopeyki). The first Russian ruble (code: RUR) replaced the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) in September 1993 at par. In 1998, preceding the financial crisis, the current ruble was redenominated with the new code "RUB" and was exchanged at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 RUR. The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble). In 1992 the currency imagery underwent a redesign as a result of de-Leninization. The Soviet currency had different names in the different languages of the USSR; Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Transnistria have all retained the Soviet-era names for their new currencies. The Russian ruble is also used in the parts of Ukraine under Russian military occupation and in Russian-occupied parts of Georgia.
