Science ❯ Geology ❯ Planetary Geology

Surface Composition

Icy Bodies Carbon Compounds Ice-Rich Crust Ceres Surface Charon's Surface Materials Europa's Ice Surface Ice-covered Moons Europa's Ice Shell Europa's Surface Features Asteroid Composition Basaltic Rocks on Vesta Venusian Basalt Meteorite Analysis Basaltic Rocks Spectroscopy Liquid Methane Albedo Measurements Space Weathering Crater Analysis Venusian Atmosphere

BepiColombo Drops Propulsion Module and Begins Final Approach to Mercury

The release lets the two science spacecraft start a phased high‑risk arrival that will culminate in orbital capture on November 21, 2026.

Venera 13’s 127-Minute Venus Surface Record Still Holds After New Review

Webb Maps the Surface of a Nearby Super-Earth, Revealing a Dark Basaltic World

JWST Reveals Dark, Airless Surface on Rocky Exoplanet LHS 3844 b