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Planet Formation

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Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Shows Extreme Heavy-Water Enrichment, Study Finds

ALMA observations days after perihelion enabled the first deuterium measurement on an interstellar visitor.

Ubiquitous Carbon Film Found to Control Static Charge Flow on Insulating Oxides

Study Finds Planetary Oxygen at Birth Controls Life-Critical Phosphorus and Nitrogen

JWST Reveals Pulsar-Orbiting ‘Lemon’ Planet With Helium–Carbon Atmosphere

Webb Data Point to Thick Atmosphere on Ultra‑Hot Super‑Earth TOI‑561 b

Lab Experiments Reveal Planets Can Make Water From Hydrogen–Magma Reactions

Webb Makes First Direct Chemical Reading of a Moon-Forming Disk Around CT Cha b

Simulations Point to Carbon as Trigger for Earth’s Inner-Core Formation

UC Santa Cruz Model Recasts Sub‑Neptune ‘Steam Worlds’ With Colder, Smaller Interiors

Rare Jet-Driven Bubble Warps Protoplanetary Disk in WSB 52