Budget Deficits Bond Issuance Public Debt Debt Instruments Debt Ceiling Interest Payments International Loans Fiscal Policy Bond Payments Treasury Operations Budget Deficit Credit Ratings Refinancing Borrowing Debt Issuance Debt-to-GDP Ratio International Debt Currency Exchange Debt Auctions Deficit Reduction Borrowing Costs Budget Planning Net Debt Debt Limit Deficits Budget Plans Local Government Debt Bond Markets Loan Repayment Currency Management Debt Limits Internal Debt Surplus Analysis Borrowings IMF Relations Capital Investment Debt Ceiling Negotiations Revenue Sources Net New Debt State Debt Credit Acquisition International Monetary Fund Budget Forecasting Pension Funds Debt Servicing External Debt State Budgets Loans Budgeting Pemex Debt Federal Revenue IMF Operations Treasury Securities Economic Outlook Cash Flow Management Special Funds Market Reactions Tax Revenue Fiscal Responsibility International Agreements Debt Restructuring Bond Repurchase Public Spending Deficit Spending Stimulus Measures Eurobonds Auction Processes Market Operations Government Bonds Default Risk Inflation Public Sector Spending Fiscal Deficit Student Loan Debt Interest Rates Local Governments Repo Operations Economic Forecasting Fiscal Surplus Borrowing Limit Currency Reserves Budget Proposals Regional Debt Federal Debt Provincial Debt Currency Instruments Economic Indicators Debt Repurchase Liquidity Instruments Debt Statistics Debt Ceiling Issues Borrowing Trends Infrastructure Investment Debt Renewal
Cato based its estimate on NASEM-style lifecycle modeling, acknowledging it could not fully separate legal status.
