Observational Studies Stellar Radiation Massive Planets Gas Atmospheres Rocky Planets Metallicity TIDYE-1 b TI-DYE 1b Young Stars IRAS 04125+2902 b TIDYE-1b Protoplanetary Disks Sub-Neptunes Protoplanetary Discs Accretion Core Accretion Gravitational Instability Radius Gap Density Gap Radius Valley Gas-Rich Disks Atmospheric Escape