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Planetary Formation

Orbital Dynamics Planet Nine Hypothesis Gravity Effects Kuiper Belt Objects Satellite Formation Origins of Water Saturn Collisions Bennu Protoplanetary Disk Protoplanetary Disks Gas Planets Rocky Planets Asteroid Origins Asteroid Research Volatiles Planetary Structure Asteroids Outer Planets Chemical Composition of Planets Gravitational Dynamics Volatiles Delivery Early Solar System Late Heavy Bombardment Meteorite Studies Lunar Evolution Geological Activity Gravitational Interactions

Juno Data Refine Jupiter’s Size, Finding the Giant Slightly Smaller and More Flattened

New radio-occultation passes in Juno’s extended mission cut size uncertainties by an order of magnitude through modeling the influence of Jupiter’s powerful zonal winds.

Machine Learning Maps 400 Bright Slope Streaks on Mercury, Hinting at Ongoing Volatile Loss

Apollo Soil Study Finds Meteorites Supplied Only a Small Share of Earth’s Water

NASA Study of Apollo Moon Soil Finds Meteorites Supplied Only a Small Share of Earth’s Water

Researchers Identify Compact 'Inner Kernel' in the Kuiper Belt at 43 AU

Astronomers Confirm 2025 PN7 as Earth’s Seventh Quasi-Satellite

Study Pinpoints a Dry Proto‑Earth Within 3 Million Years, Bolstering Theia Water‑Delivery Theory

Discovery of 'Ammonite' Narrows Search for Planet Nine