Spectral Analysis Light Wavelengths Light Analysis X-ray Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Molecular Clouds Near-Infrared Observations Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data Analysis Transmission Spectra Ultraviolet Astronomy Visible Spectrum Spectral Lines Comet Composition Light Emission Transmission Spectroscopy James Webb Space Telescope Spectral Emission Infrared Observations NIRSpec Spectroscopy Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Integral Field Spectroscopy