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Zero-Knowledge Proofs Enter a Cheaper, Privacy-First Phase as Costs Plunge on Leading Rollups

Costs on prominent ZK networks now fall below a cent per transaction, refocusing efforts from scaling alone to practical privacy applications.

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Overview

  • Forbes reports ZK proof costs have fallen from about $80 in late 2023 to under $0.01 on Scroll, with millions of transactions now processed across ZK rollups.
  • Analysis highlights privacy as the next push for ZK, citing Scroll’s new Cloak privacy layer, its Feynman upgrade, and the Ceno prover as examples of the shift.
  • The piece traces ZK’s arc from its 1985 origins to modern systems such as Groth16, zk-SNARKs, zk-STARKs, Bulletproofs, and the Fiat–Shamir heuristic enabling non-interactive proofs.
  • Coindoo publishes a sponsored explainer that promotes a separate ‘Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP)’ crypto project ahead of a presale, outlining claims of private smart contracts, verifiable AI, storage verification, and EVM/WASM support.
  • The Coindoo article carries a sponsorship disclaimer, and several project readiness assertions remain without broad independent verification.