Overview

• The Tianjin Declaration condemned terrorism in all forms, cited the April Pahalgam attack by name, and voiced deep concern over Gaza with calls for a ceasefire and humanitarian access.
• Xi Jinping urged creation of an SCO development bank and pledged US$1.4 billion in loans over three years to SCO states, signaling a push to build the bloc’s financial tools.
• Narendra Modi made his first China visit in seven years and called his meeting with Xi “fruitful,” reflecting a pragmatic thaw that still faces persistent India–China frictions.
• Beijing capped the summit with a Victory Day military parade attended by leaders including Vladimir Putin, Masoud Pezeshkian and Kim Jong Un, while Modi did not attend the parade.
• Brazil’s Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva called an emergency virtual BRICS meeting in response to U.S. tariffs, even as analysts note the BRICS bank’s continued sanctions compliance and members’ reluctance to speed de‑dollarisation.