Overview

• The remaining carbon budget to limit warming to 1.5°C is about 130 billion tonnes of CO₂ from the start of 2025 and will be exhausted by early 2028 at current emission levels.
• Global greenhouse gas emissions reached a record 53.6 billion tonnes in 2024, driving average surface temperatures to 1.52°C above pre-industrial levels for the first time in a single year.
• Between 2019 and 2024, global mean sea level rose approximately 26 mm—more than doubling the long-term rate since 1900—and heightening coastal flood and erosion risks.
• Earth’s energy imbalance has grown by 25% over the past two decades as reduced aerosol pollution and unchecked emissions have increased the amount of heat trapped in the system.
• Over 250 scientists have written to COP30 leaders in Bonn urging a rapid, equitable phaseout of fossil fuels as the essential step to meet Paris Agreement goals.