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10h ago

World Nuclear Arsenals Grow as Disarmament Era Ends

SIPRI data shows nuclear stockpiles climbed to 12,241 warheads by January 2025, fueled by China’s rapid expansion alongside major modernization programs.

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A formation of China's Dongfeng-41 nuclear missiles.

Overview

  • The United States and Russia together hold about 90% of the world’s nuclear warheads, with inventories of 5,177 and 5,459 respectively.
  • China’s arsenal has grown to roughly 600 warheads by January 2025, reflecting an annual build rate of about 100 new warheads and a projected increase to 1,000 by 2030.
  • India’s nuclear stockpile reached an estimated 180 warheads in 2025 as New Delhi advances canisterized and MIRV-capable missile systems.
  • Pakistan’s arsenal stands at about 170 warheads with continued investment in tactical delivery platforms and fissile material accumulation.
  • All nine nuclear powers are pursuing extensive modernization programs and the looming 2026 expiration of New START heightens concerns over weakening arms control regimes.