Overview

• The study finds that anger temperament, anger reaction, aggressive expression and hostility each decline significantly with both chronological age and reproductive-aging stages
• Participants reported feeling anger more intensely as they aged even as their outward displays of hostility and aggression decreased
• Measurements of suppressed anger showed no change across age or menopause stages, indicating stable internalization patterns
• Researchers analyzed longitudinal data from over 500 women aged 35 to 55 in the Seattle Midlife Women’s Health Study
• The team recommends further research into everyday emotion-regulation strategies to inform tailored anger-management interventions for midlife and older women