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Wicklow Hillfort Identified as Largest Prehistoric Nucleated Settlement in Britain and Ireland

Peer-reviewed fieldwork identifies a Late Bronze Age origin with Early Iron Age reuse for the densely built hilltop community.

Overview

  • Airborne surveys in 2017 and 2022 mapped more than 600 anomalies consistent with house platforms, with excavations confirming the settlement’s dense layout.
  • Researchers located 98 potential roundhouse footprints within the inner enclosure and a possible further 509 between the inner and outer ramparts.
  • The complex enclosure spans multiple hills with two widely spaced embankments that also encompass the Neolithic site known as Spinas Hill 1.
  • Excavations revealed a stone-lined feature likely fed by a stream that may be a water cistern, a first for an Irish hillfort if confirmed.
  • The Queen’s University Belfast study, published by Cambridge University Press and awarded the Prehistoric Society’s James Dyer prize, argues for earlier proto-urban development and notes that fieldwork continues.