Overview
- Resistance increased in more than 40% of monitored pathogen–antibiotic pairs from 2018 to 2023, with annual rises estimated at 5–15%.
- Southeast Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean reported roughly one in three infections as resistant, while Africa reported about one in five.
- Over 40% of E. coli and more than 55% of K. pneumoniae were resistant to third‑generation cephalosporins globally, with resistance in Africa exceeding 70% for key bloodstream infections.
- Carbapenem resistance is climbing, narrowing treatment options and driving reliance on costly last‑resort drugs that are often unavailable in low‑ and middle‑income countries.
- GLASS participation reached 104 countries, yet 48% did not report data in 2023 and capacity gaps persist; reporting noted Mexico’s absence, while Argentina’s data linked multidrug‑resistant infections to 50% ICU mortality and showcased new national surveillance tools.