Overview

• Global surveillance data show resistance grew an average 5% to 15% per year from 2018 to 2023, exceeding a 40% cumulative rise across monitored pathogen–antibiotic combinations.
• The highest burdens were recorded in South‑East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean, where one in three reported infections were resistant, with Africa at roughly one in five.
• Gram‑negative bacteria such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae show mounting resistance to third‑generation cephalosporins, surpassing 70% in Africa, while carbapenems and fluoroquinolones are losing effectiveness.
• Reporting gaps remain substantial, with 48% of countries not submitting data to GLASS in 2023; the WHO dashboard indicates Mexico did not provide the detailed reports referenced in the new analysis.
• Argentina’s latest evidence underscores the clinical toll, with ICU mortality at 50% for severe multidrug‑resistant infections, as the Malbrán Institute launches a national WHONET‑based dashboard drawing on 90 hospital laboratories.