Overview

• The treaty, finalized after intense negotiations in Geneva, will be presented for signing at the WHO annual meeting in May and requires ratification by 60 countries to take effect.
• Key provisions include commitments to strengthen national health systems, improve disease surveillance, and combat antibiotic resistance.
• The treaty emphasizes equitable access to pandemic resources, with pharmaceutical companies encouraged to donate 10% of their production to poorer nations, though participation is voluntary.
• WHO's authority remains limited, as the treaty prohibits the organization from mandating lockdowns, travel bans, or vaccinations, respecting national sovereignty.
• The United States, under President Donald Trump, remains outside the process following its withdrawal from the WHO, raising concerns about global unity in pandemic preparedness.