Overview

• The 24th EML and 10th EMLc follow a review of 59 applications, adding 20 adult medicines, 15 paediatric medicines, and seven new indications.
• GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide are listed for adults with type 2 diabetes who face obesity or cardiovascular or kidney risk.
• PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors including pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and cemiplimab are added for selected cancers to extend survival.
• WHO applied outcome-focused criteria that include a 4–6 month life-extension threshold for cancer drugs and endorsed dose optimisation to improve affordability.
• WHO urges countries to prioritise high-need patients, promote generic competition, and pursue fair pricing, with the lists intended to catalyse broader access over time.