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Webb Unmasks Butterfly Nebula’s Blazing Core, Reveals Planet‑Making Chemistry

A peer‑reviewed MIRI–ALMA study maps a crystalline silicate torus, metal‑rich jets, nearly 200 spectral signatures, with PAHs likely forming in an oxygen‑rich nebula.

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Image
Nebula Butterfly

Overview

  • Webb’s integral‑field MIRI data, combined with ALMA, pinpoint the once‑elusive central star by its mid‑infrared‑bright dust cloud.
  • The stellar remnant is about 220,000 K, among the hottest known in a planetary nebula, yet hidden by a nearly edge‑on dusty torus.
  • Spectra resolve a crystalline‑silicate, large‑grain torus and a layered ionisation pattern, with iron and nickel tracing opposing jets.
  • Researchers catalogued nearly 200 emission features, enabling the most detailed chemical and dynamical map yet of NGC 6302’s core.
  • PAH signatures appear where a wind‑blown bubble meets surrounding gas, likely marking the first such formation in an oxygen‑rich nebula and offering clues to planet‑building dust.