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Vitalik Buterin Says Live PeerDAS and Production ZK‑EVMs Resolve Ethereum’s Trilemma

Buterin outlined a 2026–2030 rollout to expand capacity safely.

Overview

  • PeerDAS is running on Ethereum mainnet, providing live data availability sampling that lifts bandwidth constraints.
  • ZK‑EVMs have reached production‑quality performance at the alpha stage, with remaining work focused on safety hardening.
  • In 2026, Ethereum plans significant gas limit increases via BALs and ePBS, alongside the first opportunities to run ZK‑EVM nodes.
  • From 2026 to 2028, developers aim to reprice gas, adjust state structures, and move execution payloads into blobs to make higher capacity operationally safe.
  • Between 2027 and 2030, ZK‑EVMs are slated to become the primary block validation method, with distributed block building pursued longer term to reduce centralization and improve geographic fairness.