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U.S. Tariffs Shake South Asian Garment Industries, Boost Opportunities for India

Bangladesh and Sri Lanka face economic fallout from steep U.S. tariffs, while India gains traction with its lower tariff rate.

A vendor carries bags of clothes at Tan Binh Market, the largest wholesale clothing and textile market in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam on April 3.
A truck transports a container toward the entrance of the Phnom Penh Autonomous Port on April 3, 2025.
Women work in a garment factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh, May 3, 2020. REUTERS/Mohammad Ponir Hossain/File Photo
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Overview

  • The U.S. has implemented a 37% tariff on Bangladeshi garments and a 44% tariff on Sri Lankan garments, disrupting their key export industries.
  • Bangladesh's garment sector, which accounts for over 80% of its export earnings and employs 4 million people, is bracing for order cancellations and economic strain.
  • Sri Lanka, whose garment industry sends 40% of its exports to the U.S., has formed a panel to assess the impact of the tariffs on its economy.
  • India, facing a lower tariff rate of 27%, is seeing increased interest from U.S. buyers, positioning it as a potential beneficiary of the trade shift.
  • Bangladesh's government is in discussions with the U.S. to seek relief, while garment exporters in both countries are urging for government support to mitigate losses.