Overview

• The foreign-born population in the U.S. reached 53.5 million in January 2025, making up 15.8% of the total population—a record high since tracking began.
• Between 2021 and 2025, the immigrant population increased by 8.3 million, with 5.4 million attributed to illegal immigration, according to new Census Bureau estimates.
• Immigration accounted for all U.S. population growth from 2022 to 2023, as birthrates among American women fell to record lows, particularly among younger age groups.
• Approximately 20% of the U.S. workforce is now foreign-born, and immigrants and their descendants are projected to drive all future labor force growth in the coming decades.
• The Biden administration's immigration policies, including expanded legal pathways and border management changes, have been credited with accelerating this demographic shift, sparking debates about economic and social impacts.