Overview

• The agreement sets a 15% baseline U.S. tariff on most EU goods while preserving 50% duties on steel and aluminium.
• The EU has pledged $750 billion in U.S. energy purchases over President Trump’s term alongside a $600 billion investment commitment.
• President Trump and Ursula von der Leyen secured zero-for-zero tariff treatment for strategic sectors such as aircraft, semiconductor equipment and critical raw materials.
• The framework is a political outline rather than a binding treaty, with legal text, detailed quotas and enforcement mechanisms still to be drafted.
• Reactions among EU policymakers range from relief at averting steeper levies to criticism that the deal concedes too much without ensuring balanced market access.