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U.S. Dollar Hits Lowest Level Since 1973 as Fiscal and Trade Policies Fuel Decline

High-stakes tariff deadlines on July 9 are intensifying dollar volatility by forcing nations to secure trade agreements with the United States.

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An employee holds U.S. dollar bank notes at a money changer in Jakarta, Indonesia, April 9, 2025. REUTERS/Willy Kurniawan/ File Photo
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A man walks in front of a stock quotation board showing the Nikkei share average outside a brokerage in Tokyo, Japan, July 2, 2025. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon

Overview

  • The dollar has fallen over 10 percent year to date, marking its weakest performance since 1973 with the dollar index plunging 12.1 percent in the first half of the year.
  • President Trump’s signature $3.4 trillion spending and tax package cleared its final legislative hurdle, stoking fresh concerns about U.S. debt sustainability and investor confidence.
  • Stronger-than-expected June nonfarm payroll gains pushed back market expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts, giving the dollar a modest rebound after hitting multi-year lows.
  • Foreign investors have pared back purchases of U.S. Treasuries and rotated capital into European and Japanese markets amid policy uncertainty.
  • Tariffs set to take effect on July 9 are pressuring trade partners to negotiate deals with the U.S., adding another layer of uncertainty to the greenback’s outlook.