Overview
- The National Interest endorses Pakistan’s concerns that India’s moves risk turning river flows into a tool of pressure following New Delhi’s April 23, 2025 declaration that the Indus Waters Treaty was in abeyance.
- India has approved the 260‑megawatt Dulhasti Stage‑II hydropower project on the Chenab River for about $395 million to be developed by NHPC Limited, with observers warning it forms part of a broader upstream buildout.
- Multiple reports say India has suspended or reduced hydrological data sharing, which experts note is vital for downstream flood management and crop planning and is required under treaty norms.
- International arbitration cited in coverage reaffirms that India cannot unilaterally pause the treaty and must allow the western rivers to flow to Pakistan for unrestricted use, underscoring binding legal obligations.
- Analysts highlight Pakistan’s heavy reliance on Indus Basin irrigation for over 80% of its agriculture and warn of humanitarian risks, with Eurasia Group and other commentators calling for restoration of data sharing and structured talks.