Overview

• China supplies about 90 percent of global rare earth magnets and has issued limited export licenses for civilian use while still barring defense-critical elements.
• The Pentagon’s 10-year, $400 million partnership with MP Materials will build new rare earth separation and magnet manufacturing facilities at the Mountain Pass site.
• Brook Mine in Wyoming, the first new U.S. rare earth mine in 70 years, broke ground in July and is expected to yield around 1,400 metric tons annually, meeting 3–5 percent of domestic magnet demand.
• Samarium and other heavy rare earths are vital for high-temperature magnets in F-35 fighters and other defense systems, highlighting U.S. national security vulnerabilities.
• Industry and government stakeholders are exploring magnet-free motor designs and alternate sources to diversify supply and reduce geopolitical risk.