Overview

• The U.S. and Ukraine have created a 50/50 Reconstruction Investment Fund, financed by Ukrainian resource revenues and future U.S. military aid.
• Ukraine retains full ownership of its sub-soil resources, with royalties and licenses contributing to the fund, while U.S. contributions are in-kind.
• Experts warn that 40% of Ukraine's critical mineral resources are under Russian occupation, complicating potential extraction and development.
• Officials estimate the fund will not yield dividends for at least a decade due to infrastructural challenges and outdated resource surveys.
• The agreement signals U.S. support for Ukraine’s sovereignty but does not include formal security guarantees, raising questions about long-term deterrence against Russia.