Overview
- The 1,100-page assessment, released at the UN Environment Assembly in Nairobi, draws on work by 287 scientists from 82 countries.
- It projects global warming likely to pass 1.5°C in the early 2030s and 2°C in the 2040s, flagging tipping risks including permafrost methane release, AMOC weakening, Arctic sea-ice loss and coral collapse.
- The report details current harms with record-high 2024 emissions, 20–40% of land degraded, about one million species at risk and roughly nine million pollution-related deaths each year.
- GEO-7 estimates environmental externalities at about $45 trillion annually, including roughly $5 billion in damage per hour from food and fossil-fuel systems, with food, transport and fossil-fueled electricity the largest sources.
- It recommends pricing pollution, repurposing subsidies and moving beyond GDP, arguing that coordinated transformations could yield around $20 trillion a year in benefits by 2070 while centering Indigenous and local knowledge.