Overview

• The approach reproduces directional tissue mechanics by tuning microscopic internal patterns and includes a predictive analytical model.
• A single-step process incorporates blood-like liquid using embedded microcapsules that prevent drying and do not disrupt printing.
• Findings are published in Science Advances, led by Adarsh Somayaji with collaborators at the University of Washington, and funded by the U.S. Department of Defense with support from MnDRIVE RSAM and the Minnesota Nano Center.
• In preliminary testing, surgeons reported superior tactile feedback and cutting response compared with standard training simulants.
• The team plans organ-shaped models, bionic organ concepts, and materials responsive to tools such as electrocautery, with scaling and further validation identified as near-term challenges.