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Underwater Imaging Confirms San José Galleon, Triggers Multinational Treasure Dispute

High-resolution surveys paired with detailed coin analysis verify the wreck’s identity; multiple parties now contest rights to its billion-dollar cargo

© ARC-DIMAR, 2022; image by authors
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Overview

  • ROV imagery captured Lima-minted silver cobs dated 1707, Chinese porcelain and 17th-century cannon markings that match historical records of the San José’s 1708 voyage
  • The galleon’s cargo of gold, silver and emeralds is estimated to be worth between $17 billion and $20 billion in today’s market
  • First located by the Colombian navy in 2015, the wreck rests nearly 2,000 feet below the Caribbean near Baru Island and has been surveyed in non-invasive expeditions through 2022
  • Colombia, Spain, Peru, indigenous communities and U.S. salvage firm Sea Search Armada have all filed competing claims to ownership of the ship and its treasure
  • Colombian authorities aim to recover artifacts for a planned national museum, but ongoing legal battles threaten to delay salvage and exhibition efforts