Overview

• UN nuclear-related measures reentered into force at 00:00 GMT on September 28, reinstating an arms embargo, technology and trade bans, asset freezes, travel curbs and financial restrictions.
• The E3 activated the Resolution 2231 snapback after late-September diplomacy failed, as the IAEA confirmed inspections resumed this week but key transparency steps and a special accounting of material were not provided.
• Iran condemned the decision as illegal, recalled its ambassadors to Paris, Berlin and London for consultations, and warned of an appropriate response.
• The United States and European ministers urged renewed diplomacy, with Secretary of State Marco Rubio calling for immediate global implementation and the E3 saying sanctions could be lifted if a verifiable solution is reached.
• Russia and China dispute the move’s validity and signal they may not apply it, heightening enforcement uncertainty as Iran holds roughly 440–450 kg of uranium enriched to 60%.