Overview

• The tribunal will address crimes of aggression, filling a legal gap left by the ICC's lack of jurisdiction over non-consenting states like Russia.
• A Ukrainian–EU investigative team has already gathered substantial evidence ahead of the tribunal's formal establishment next year in The Hague.
• Between 20 and 30 senior Russian officials, including President Vladimir Putin, are expected to face prosecution, though sitting heads of state retain immunity.
• Convictions could result in life imprisonment, asset confiscation, and reparations directed toward Ukraine's reconstruction efforts.
• The U.S., once fully engaged under President Biden, had no representative at the tribunal's launch in Lviv under the current Trump administration.