Overview

• England recorded 5,490 TB notifications in 2024, up from 4,831 in 2023, for a rate of 9.4 per 100,000 that remains below the 2011 peak.
• Drug-resistant TB accounted for 2.2% of laboratory-confirmed cases, the highest level since enhanced surveillance began in 2012, requiring longer and more complex care.
• London had the highest regional rate at 20.6 per 100,000 followed by the West Midlands at 11.5 per 100,000, reflecting concentration in dense and deprived areas.
• People born outside the UK made up 82% of notifications, though increases were seen in both UK‑born and non‑UK‑born groups, with UK‑born risk higher among those facing homelessness or substance dependence.
• Public health measures identified cases through pre‑entry screening (338 pulmonary TB cases), latent TB testing of new migrants (17.2% tested with 15.1% positive), and contact tracing (182 active and 1,276 latent), while the South West reported a 16% rise to 246 cases at a rate of 4.2 per 100,000.