Overview

• Although cross-border enforcement of traffic fines between the UK and EU has largely ended, drivers can still face on-the-spot penalties under specific rules and escalating charges if fines go unpaid.
• Drivers in Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway must keep headlights on at all times under headlamp laws that carry fines starting at €100.
• Dashcams are banned in Portugal, Luxembourg and Austria, where repeat offences can incur penalties up to €25,000 under privacy laws.
• Bulgaria, Poland and Romania require motorists to carry reflective jackets, warning triangles, spare bulbs and fire extinguishers under national safety equipment mandates.
• Other regional rules include Spain’s alternating half-month street-parking system with fines up to €600, Macedonia’s front-seat alcohol ban with penalties over €45, and a minimum €50 fine for running out of petrol on German motorways.