Overview
- Emmanuel Macron, Keir Starmer and Volodymyr Zelensky signed a declaration in Paris committing to a multinational reassurance force only after a peace deal, with plans to establish military hubs across Ukraine.
- The framework envisions a U.S.-led ceasefire monitoring and verification mechanism and a U.S.-Ukraine‑Coalition coordination cell at an operational headquarters in Paris, alongside binding commitments to support Ukraine against future attack.
- Possible force sizes discussed range from roughly 15,000 to 30,000 troops, but mandates, rules of engagement and the legal basis for deployment still require definition and national approval.
- Italy and Poland said they will not send troops, while Germany ruled out deploying forces inside Ukraine but indicated it could contribute from neighboring NATO territory.
- The Kremlin has repeatedly rejected any Western military presence in Ukraine, and participants cautioned that a ceasefire and final agreement remain uncertain despite reports of progress in Paris.