Overview

• Vaccination certificates remain non-mandatory for entry but travellers should ensure diphtheria-tetanus-polio and MMR shots are up to date
• Pre-exposure rabies vaccination is recommended for those visiting Spain’s Ceuta and Melilla, particularly if engaging in higher-risk outdoor activities
• Visitors taking part in woodland or adventure pursuits in Italy are urged to consider tick-borne encephalitis immunisation to lower infection risk
• Tourists heading to Greek islands are warned that uninsured visitors may only access public hospitals and face basic ambulance and nursing services
• Health officials encourage booking all jabs at least eight weeks before departure and monitoring updates on the poliovirus variant found in Barcelona wastewater