Overview
- STAR has booked four non‑Russian cargoes for December from Iraq, Kazakhstan and others, totaling about 77,000–129,000 barrels per day versus roughly 210,000 bpd of Russian crude in September–October.
- Tupras has diversified feedstocks and, according to Reuters sources, may stop using Russian oil at one site to protect fuel sales to Europe, while another site continues processing Russian grades.
- Kpler data cited by Reuters show Turkey averaged 669,000 bpd of crude imports in January–October, with Russia supplying 47%, and November Iraqi volumes are set to rise to about 141,000 bpd from 99,000 bpd in October.
- The shift follows new U.S. sanctions announced by President Trump targeting Lukoil and Rosneft and dozens of subsidiaries, with warnings that dealings with them could expose counterparties.
- Broader pressure on Russia’s energy sector is mounting, with CREA estimating September oil‑and‑gas export revenues at €546 million per day and reporting steep drops in product exports as wartime strikes and export limits disrupt supplies.