Overview

• Coverage notes that two items on the list were not active wars, with Egypt–Ethiopia a diplomatic dispute over the Nile dam and Kosovo–Serbia lacking any recent combat or peace deal.
• India and Pakistan offer conflicting accounts of the May ceasefire, with Pakistan praising U.S. involvement and India rejecting American mediation, a rift reporters say has strained ties with Washington.
• The Armenia–Azerbaijan joint declaration signed at the White House in August remains unratified, with unresolved issues including constitutional changes in Armenia, border demarcation and limited withdrawals.
• Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo signed a U.S.-hosted accord in June, yet follow-up talks stalled and deadly fighting persisted, raising doubts about the deal’s effectiveness.
• After 12 days of strikes in June, including U.S. attacks on Iranian nuclear sites, Trump announced an Israel–Iran ceasefire that observers say remains fragile without a broader agreement, as a prominent analyst publicly labeled his overall claim as bluster.