Overview
- On May 27 the Justice Department issued a 50-page opinion disavowing the 1938 Castle Pinckney memo and concluded that presidents can revoke or shrink any national monument established by their predecessors under the Antiquities Act.
- The legal memo spotlights two Biden-designated California sites—Chuckwalla and Sáttítla Highlands National Monuments—together covering 848,000 acres and shielding tribal cultural landscapes from drilling and mining.
- White House spokesperson Harrison Fields framed the opinion as enabling a broader “liberation” of federal lands for oil, gas, coal, geothermal and mineral leasing under the president’s energy agenda.
- Environmental groups and tribal advocates have denounced the opinion as lacking legal precedent and are preparing court challenges to block any attempts to dismantle or reduce monument protections.
- The ruling also casts uncertainty over Utah’s Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante monuments, which Trump pared back in 2017, were restored by Biden and remain tied up in ongoing litigation.