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Trump Doubles Steel and Aluminium Tariffs, Deepening Emerging Market Strain

IMF and OECD warn the tariff hike is fueling capital flight, forcing policy shifts in fragile markets

First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Gita Gopinath participates in a seminar titled “The Evolving Art of Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets” during the 2025 annual IMF/World Bank Spring Meetings in Washington, D.C., U.S., April 25, 2025. REUTERS/Elizabeth Frantz/ File Photo
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Overview

  • President Trump announced a plan to double tariffs on steel and aluminium to 50%, reigniting tensions with China and global trade volatility.
  • IMF’s Gita Gopinath cautioned that the trade war poses a greater challenge for emerging markets than the Covid-19 shock due to uneven tariff impacts.
  • The asymmetric economic shocks from tariffs are splitting central banks between cutting rates to support growth and raising them to defend currencies.
  • OECD highlighted rising borrowing costs and capital flight risks in emerging economies and trimmed India’s FY26 growth forecast to 6.3%.
  • India’s Reserve Bank is widely expected to cut the repo rate on June 6 to shore up weak domestic demand in the face of tightening global financial conditions.