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Toxic Algal Bloom Along Southern California Coast Linked to Unprecedented Marine Mammal Deaths

Recent necropsies confirm domoic acid poisoning in whales as over 200 marine animals succumb to the ongoing ecological crisis.

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Teams from PMMC and OARRA take samples of the whale so that NOAA teams can study them for domoic acid poisoning. (Photo courtesy of PMMC)
Dead whales stranded in April 2025 in Huntington Beach and Long Beach.
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Overview

  • A toxic algal bloom producing the neurotoxin domoic acid has spread along 155 miles of Southern California's coast, from San Diego to San Luis Obispo.
  • Recent necropsies confirmed domoic acid poisoning in a humpback whale and a minke whale, marking the first time whales have been affected in this region during such events.
  • Over 200 marine mammals, including sea lions, dolphins, and now whales, have died or stranded since February, overwhelming rescue and research teams.
  • Experts link the intensifying blooms to warming oceans, wildfire debris, and fertilizer runoff, with this being the fourth consecutive year of such outbreaks.
  • Necropsy results for two gray whales are pending, as researchers push for enhanced monitoring and coordinated response efforts to address the crisis.