Overview

• The team created spray‑dried sugar microparticles coated with nanoscopic aluminum oxide using atomic layer deposition to stage multiple timed releases from one shot.
• In mice, a single injection generated stronger antibody responses than multi‑dose conventional liquid rabies vaccines.
• The dry‑powder formulations retained potency after three months at temperatures up to 104°F, indicating suitability for transport without refrigeration.
• By removing cold‑chain requirements and consolidating doses, the approach targets barriers to vaccination in parts of Africa and Asia.
• The findings were published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in August 2025, with animal testing ongoing, human trials projected a few years away, and startup VitriVax formed to pursue commercialization and potential applications to vaccines such as HPV and HIV.