Overview

• The 6–3 decision lifts lower-court injunctions that blocked ICE stops based solely on a four-factor framework until the appeals court rules or the justices take further action.
• The four indicators are presence in locations linked to immigrant labor, the type of activity observed, speaking Spanish or accented English, and ethnic appearance.
• Justice Brett Kavanaugh backed the order, citing an estimate that about 10% of the Los Angeles region’s population is undocumented, while Justice Sonia Sotomayor warned it risks creating second-class citizenship.
• Homeland Security said ICE will continue to flood the Los Angeles area with operations, and Trump immigration official Tom Homan rejected allegations of racial profiling.
• Trial and appellate judges had previously found the practice likely violated the Fourth Amendment’s reasonable-suspicion requirement after raids spurred protests and a National Guard deployment in June.