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Study Ties Giant Mosasaur to Freshwater Rivers in Late Cretaceous North America

Isotope ratios in tooth enamel match river chemistry to place a Prognathodon‑lineage hunter inland.

Overview

  • An international team reports in BMC Zoology that a large mosasaur tooth from North Dakota carries freshwater oxygen and strontium signatures, with isotope work conducted at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
  • The tooth, recovered in 2022 from fluvial deposits near Bismarck alongside a Tyrannosaurus rex tooth and a crocodylian jaw, is dated to about 66 million years ago with no clear sign of post-burial transport.
  • Morphology attributes the specimen to a prognathodontine mosasaur approaching 11 meters in length, and two slightly older North Dakota teeth show comparable freshwater isotope values.
  • The researchers propose that late-stage freshening of the Western Interior Seaway created haloclines and riverine niches that some large marine mosasaurs could exploit.
  • The interpretation rests on a limited number of teeth and includes tentative behavioral inferences, so the authors emphasize the need for additional fossils and geochemical tests.