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Study Says Young Sun Likely Engulfed a Super-Earth

MESA models show a targeted early accretion could reconcile helioseismic measurements with the Sun's depleted surface lithium by altering the star's internal composition.

Overview

  • A peer-reviewed paper by M. Yildiz published on Sept. 10, 2026 used stellar-evolution modeling to test whether the young Sun could have ingested extra planetary material.
  • The simulations find that swallowing a roughly 5–10 Earth-mass body produces internal changes that bring models into closer agreement with helioseismic measurements of sound speed and convection-zone depth.
  • The same ingestion scenario also reproduces the Sun's unusually low surface lithium, linking a compositional change to an observational chemical anomaly.
  • Models show a super-Earth could survive passage through the Sun's outer layers while losing little mass, which would leave long-lived chemical and structural 'fingerprints' inside the star.
  • Authors and outlets emphasize the result is model-dependent and call for independent searches — advanced helioseismic analysis or compositional probes — to detect the predicted signatures and confirm or refute the idea.