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Study Reveals Infants Start Forming Episodic Memories Around Age One

Research links hippocampal activity in infants to memory formation and explores why early memories become inaccessible later in life.

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Babies may start forming memories within the first few months of their lives.
Dr. Nick Turk-Browne (left) preparing a child participant and parent for an infant MRI study in the Brain Imaging Center (now BrainWorks) at Yale University in 2021.

Overview

  • Infants begin forming episodic memories around 12 months of age, driven by increased hippocampal activity during memory encoding.
  • Earlier statistical learning, evident as early as three months, provides a foundation for later episodic memory development.
  • The study highlights rapid hippocampal growth around age one as a key factor in the onset of memory formation.
  • Researchers used innovative methods, including fMRI and eye-tracking, to measure memory processes in pre-verbal infants.
  • Findings suggest early memories may remain encoded but inaccessible, with ongoing research exploring their potential reactivation.