Overview
- Peer‑reviewed research in PNAS used mineral deposits from wells, pipes, and pools to reconstruct Pompeii’s bathing water over time.
- Before the aqueduct, enslaved workers lifted well water at roughly 3,200 liters per hour, leading to once‑daily refills and buildup of sweat, urine, and heavy metals.
- After the aqueduct’s arrival, flow rose by about 44,000 gallons per hour, which increased turnover and reduced organic contamination in the pools.
- Water distribution through lead pipes introduced intermittent lead exposure, with mineral encrustation limiting leaching over time but new pipes likely causing temporary spikes.
- The study team is conducting DNA analyses of the deposits and plans similar investigations at other Roman sites to refine insights into ancient water use and hygiene.