Overview

• Residents within 1 to 2 miles of a golf course face nearly triple the odds of Parkinson's disease compared to those living farther away.
• Risk decreases by 13% for each mile beyond three miles from a golf course, with the highest risk observed within one to two miles.
• Tap water from groundwater-vulnerable areas with golf courses nearly doubles the odds of Parkinson’s compared to non-golf course areas.
• The study highlights the role of pesticides, applied up to 15 times more intensively on U.S. golf courses than in Europe, as a potential contributor.
• While the findings show a strong association, researchers emphasize they do not establish causation and call for further investigation.